Apparatus and method for monitoring the transfer of a material web

ABSTRACT

A machine, for at least one of producing and treating a web of fibrous material in which the web is guided along a web guide path by at least one web guide device from one of a web production section and a web input section to pass at least one web treatment device, includes a first apparatus configured for forming a transfer strip of the web and for transferring the transfer strip through the machine, the machine being configured for transferring the web along the web guide path in that the first apparatus is configured for forming the transfer strip which is a leading transfer strip of the web, for guiding the transfer strip through the machine, and for increasing the transfer strip to a full width of the web and thereby performing tail widening; and a second apparatus configured for detecting a break in the web, the second apparatus being configured for responding to a break in one of the transfer strip and the web during a transfer of the web and during an increase in a width of the transfer strip.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This is a division of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/233,966,entitled “APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR MONITORING THE TRANSFER OF A MATERIALWEB”, filed Sep. 23, 2005, which is incorporated herein by reference andwhich claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 to German Patent ApplicationNo. 10 2004 046 795.1 filed on Sep. 27, 2004, the disclosure of which isexpressly incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to producing and/or treating a materialweb, and, more particularly, to a transfer strip of the material web.

2. Description of the Related Art

What is known as web threading in a machine for producing and/ortreating a material web, specifically a material web of paper or board,is normally carried out by way of at least one transfer strip, which isdivided off from the material web and is then guided through followingguide and/or treatment devices. This type of web threading is standardboth in papermaking and boardmaking machines having in each case atleast one head box, a wet end (in particular wire section and/or presssection), and a drying section, possibly one or more processing sections(for example a coating section) and also in paper or board processingmachines provided for the off-line treatment of a material web producedin another way, for example what are known as coating machines. In orderto form or divide off the transfer strip, diverse devices are known. Forexample, what are known as strip knock-off devices, water jet cuttingdevices, laser cutting devices and so on are used. In connection withpapermaking machines, use is normally specifically made of what is knownas a “couch jet” which, on a wire of the wire section, cuts a strip intothe paper web (or board or tissue web), which is then guided through thefurther sections of the machine, in particular at least one presssection and at least one drying section and, if appropriate, at leastone treatment section. In the case of transfer devices which are mounteddownstream of the drying section, what is known as a tip cutter is usedinstead of the couch jet. As soon as the transfer strip is runningstably through the machine, it is then possible, by using the couch jeton the wire, to move to the “full width”, that is to say approximatelyfrom a strip position adjacent to the operator side to the drive sideor, vice versa, from a strip position adjacent to the drive side to theoperator side, as a result of which the full web width thenautomatically runs through the machine. In the specialist field, onespeaks of what is known as “tail widening” in this connection. This typeof web threading or similar type of web threading (for example, thetransfer strip could also be formed in a central region of the materialweb) has also proven worthwhile in relation to all the conventionalmaterial web treatment devices, those designed as an online material webtreatment device and designed as an off-line material web treatmentdevice, such as press sections, predryer sections, afterdryer sections,coating machines, smoothing units (for example calenders), reelers andso on.

However, existing web break detection systems only monitor the “normaloperation” for a web break, specifically when the material web hasalready been threaded. Various types of web break detector are known,for example based on detecting the web speed (cf., for example, DE 10157 914 A1), the detection of a temperature change (cf., for example, DE101 31 281 A1), the optical detection of surface characteristics (cf.,for example, DE 201 03 070 U1 and DE 42 16 653 C2) and the detection ofpressures or pressure changes in connection with a vacuum web guidingdevice, in particular suction roll (cf., for example, EP 0 660 898 B1and DE 100 31 163 A1). Conventionally, break monitoring is therefore noteffective or is deactivated during tail widening. If a break occursduring tail widening, this must be detected by the operating personneland it is then necessary for all the measures to be initiated manuallyin order to avoid damage to the machine and in order to be able tore-thread (to transfer) the material web. This applies in spite of thefact that, in modern papermaking machines, the aim is generally toincrease the production efficiency. What stands in the way of automaticweb break detection is the thought that the introduction of the transferstrip into the machine and tail widening are transient, not steadystate, processes or states, which should be monitored better by humanbeings for greater reliability.

What is needed in the art is an apparatus and a method for automatedmonitoring for a break in the transfer strip of the material web.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides an apparatus and a method for automatedmonitoring for a break in the transfer strip of the material web.

The invention relates to a machine for producing and/or treating amaterial web, in particular of paper or board, in which the material webcan be guided along a material web guide path by way of at least onematerial web guide device from a material web production section ormaterial web input section, in order to pass at least one material webtreatment device, having an apparatus for forming a transfer strip ofthe material web and transferring the transfer strip through themachine, it being possible for the material web to be transferred alongthe material web guide path in that, by way of the apparatus for formingand transferring the transfer strip, a leading transfer strip of thematerial web is formed and guided through the machine, and the width ofthe transfer strip is increased to the full material web width (what isknown as “tail widening”), and having an apparatus for detecting a breakin the material web.

The invention relates further to a method for monitoring the transfer ofa material web of paper or board along a material web guide path of amachine for producing and/or treating the material web, the transfer ofthe material web being carried out in that a leading transfer strip ofthe material web is guided through the machine and the width of thetransfer strip is increased to the full material web width (what isknown as “tail widening”).

Surprisingly, it has been shown that, even in connection with thetransfer of the transfer strip and, above all, in connection with thetail widening, automatic, machine-based monitoring for the occurrence ofa web break can be carried out with high reliability. For the machinementioned at the beginning, according to a first aspect of theinvention, it is accordingly proposed that the apparatus for detecting abreak in the material web be provided and designed for the purpose ofresponding to a break in the transfer strip or the material web duringthe transfer of the material web, in particular during the increase inthe width of the transfer strip. In relation to the method mentioned atthe beginning, the invention proposes that, during the increase in thewidth of the transfer strip, monitoring for a break in the transferstrip or the material web is carried out.

On the basis of the invention, failures during web threading,specifically during tail widening, can be detected automatically andtherefore quickly, and a re-start of the web threading and tail wideningcan be introduced quickly and automatically. The transfer timesoccurring over the operation of the machine can be reduced in this way,which means that a higher level of productivity is reached. Theautomated monitoring and, if appropriate, initiation of suitablereactive measures is also advantageous inasmuch as damage to machinecomponents as a result of a web break can be avoided, in particular bytriggering web knock-off in the event of a web break. Furthermore, asalready mentioned, thought is above all also given to all the necessaryreactive measures being initiated automatically in response to thedetection of a web break, in order to be able to re-transfer thematerial web. For example, by activating the appropriate actuators, forexample vacuum breaker valves can be closed, the couch jet or,generally, a transfer strip forming device can be moved to the stripposition, fan rotational speeds can be lowered, to name only a fewexamples. The web transfer can therefore be carried out more quickly andmore successfully. The initiation of appropriate measures (knocking offthe web and preparing the renewed web transfer) manually by theoperating personnel can be dispensed with.

If the tail widening was successful, that is to say no break occurredduring the transfer of the transfer strip and during the tail widening,then a change can expediently be made automatically to “normaloperation”, in which the conventional break monitoring can then becarried out, for example in accordance with the solutions from the priorart mentioned above.

Thought is above all given to the apparatus for detecting a break in thematerial web being designed for the purpose of responding to a break inthe transfer strip or the material web on the basis of at least onedetection variable representing the width of the transfer strip,directly or indirectly. As based on the method according to theinvention, provision can accordingly be made for monitoring for a breakin the transfer strip or the material web to be carried out on the basisof at least one detection variable representing the width of thetransfer strip, directly or indirectly.

The development proposal is based on the thought that the width of thetransfer strip at a given position along the material web guide path isa measure of the progress of the tail widening. In the case ofsuccessful web threading, the width of the transfer strip at a referenceposition must correspond to the width of the transfer strip at thelocation of the formation of the transfer strip at a preceding timedepending on the web running speed. If, by way of appropriate activationof the couch jet or, generally, the device for forming the transferstrip, provision is made for the transfer strip to become continuouslywider during tail widening, this must also apply at another point alongthe material web guide path, as long as the web threading is carried outproperly and, in particular, no web break occurs.

In principle, all the web break detection and monitoring techniquesknown from the prior art are suitable in connection with the breakdetection and monitoring according to the invention. For example, theapparatus for detecting a break can for example have an opticaldetection arrangement in order to detect a web break or to provide thedetection variable. As based on the method according to the invention,it is proposed that the monitoring be carried out on the basis ofoptical detection, in particular optical detection of the width of thetransfer strip. Furthermore, the apparatus for detecting a break canhave a temperature detection arrangement, in order to detect a web breakor to provide the detection variable. As based on the method accordingto the invention, it is proposed that the monitoring be carried out onthe basis of detection of temperature values.

By contrast, provision is particularly preferably made for the apparatusfor detecting a break to have a pressure detection arrangement orpressure change detection arrangement, in order to detect a web break orto provide pressure values as detection variable. In relation to themethod according to the invention, it is proposed as particularlypreferable that the monitoring be carried out on the basis of detectionof pressure values or pressure change values or a pressure change.

Advantageously, in each case at least one dedicated pressure detectionarrangement or pressure change detection arrangement can be provided fora plurality of sections of the machine, for example a plurality ofdrying groups or other treatment devices, in order in each section todetect a web break immediately and therefore with very quick reaction ineach case or to provide pressure values as detection variable for theweb break detection.

In connection with these development proposals, thought is above allgiven to the pressure detection arrangement or pressure change detectionarrangement being designed and arranged for the purpose of detecting atleast one instantaneous operating pressure of at least one vacuum deviceacting on the material web or the transfer strip. For example, thoughtis given to what is known as a suction roll, which is used for materialweb guidance and, possibly, web deflection. Alternatively oradditionally, a or the pressure detection arrangement or pressure changedetection arrangement can be designed and arranged for the purpose ofdetecting at least one instantaneous operating pressure of at least onepositive pressure device acting on the material web or the transferstrip. In this connection, thought is given, for example, to what isknown as an air turn, which is used for non-contact web guidance and,possibly, web deflection.

Based on the method according to the invention, it is proposed that atleast one instantaneous operating pressure of at least one vacuum deviceor positive pressure device acting on the material web or transfer stripbe detected.

The background to these development proposals is that, during tailwidening, the vacuum device or positive pressure device is increasinglycovered by the transfer strip becoming wider or the material webbecoming wider, which, in a vacuum device increases the vacuum as aresult of an air stream becoming smaller, that is to say reduces theprevailing operating pressure, and, in a positive pressure device,because of increasing throttling of the air discharge, increases thepositive pressure, that is to say can increase the operating pressure.The operating pressure prevailing in the vacuum or positive pressuredevice to this extent reflects the width of the material web or of thetransfer strip on the device.

As a rule, it will be expedient if the relevant vacuum device orpositive pressure device is provided in any case, in order at least toparticipate in the guidance of the material web or of the transfer stripas part of the material web guide device.

The vacuum device can include at least one suction roll and/or at leastone suction box and/or at least one vacuum transport belt. The positivepressure device can include at least one blower roll and/or at least oneblower box and/or at least one air turn.

As particularly preferred, it is proposed that at least one pressuresensor of the pressure detection arrangement be arranged in the/asuction box or blower box. In the case of a suction roll, the pressuresensor is preferably arranged in a suction box assigned to the suctionroll. As compared with a solution known per se, in which the pressuresensor is provided in a line connecting the suction box to a vacuumsource, this offers the great advantage that high pressure fluctuationsoccurring acyclically, the cause of which has not yet been fullyexplained, can be avoided. The problem of measuring the pressure in asuction line could be that the pressure measurement is influenced by theflow velocity of the air. Influences of this type are avoided if thepressure is measured in the suction box. More reliable monitoring of thetransfer of the material web and, generally, more reliable breakmonitoring are achieved.

If the suction box includes a transfer suction zone which is assigned tothe transfer strip and an operating suction zone which, together withthe transfer suction zone, is assigned to the full material web widthand which is connected or is able to be connected via the transfersuction zone to a vacuum source, then the pressure sensor is preferablyarranged in the operating suction zone. Between the transfer suctionzone and the operating suction zone, at least one connecting opening orconnecting line that can be closed by a valve flap or the like can beprovided and, for the pure introduction of the narrow threading sectionof the transfer strip, is closed, in order to be able to attract thelatter with sufficient vacuum. For the tail widening, this connectingopening or connecting line is then opened, in order to be able tomonitor the proper widening of the transfer strip or the material webvia the operating pressure.

The machine can advantageously have an evaluation unit which is designedfor the purpose of comparing detected pressure values or consequentialvalues depending on the latter with one another and/or with at least onepredefined reference value and of outputting a break signal when atleast one break condition is fulfilled. On the basis of the breaksignal, the reactive measures mentioned can then be initiated and thebreak can be signaled to the operating personnel. Based on the methodaccording to the invention, it is proposed that detected pressure valuesor consequential values dependent on the latter be compared with oneanother and/or with at least one predefined reference value in order todetermine the fulfillment or non-fulfillment of at least one breakcondition.

Thought is above all given to the evaluation unit being designed for thepurpose of comparing the magnitude of pressure values or consequentialvalues corresponding to the latter recorded successively in order tocheck a break condition, the break condition being fulfilled when thevalues deviate from a predefined reference curve. In relation to themethod according to the invention, it is accordingly proposed that,according to one break condition, pressure values or consequentialvalues corresponding to the latter recorded successively be comparedwith one another, and that the break condition be determined to befulfilled when the values deviate from a predefined reference curve.

According to an expedient embodiment, the break condition is fulfilledwhen, in the case of a vacuum device, a pressure value that is assignedto a later time is greater than or equal to a pressure value that isassigned to an earlier time or, in the case of a positive pressuredevice, a pressure value that is assigned to a later time is less thanor equal to a pressure value that is assigned to an earlier time. Basedon the method according to the invention, it is proposed that the breakcondition be determined to be fulfilled when, in the case of a vacuumdevice, a pressure value that is assigned to a later time is greaterthan or equal to a pressure value that is assigned to an earlier timeor, in the case of a positive pressure device, a pressure value that isassigned to a later time is less than or equal to a pressure value thatis assigned to an earlier time.

This embodiment of the evaluation unit and the method is expedient andreliable when the pressure values or consequential values compared withone another are assigned to times which, as based on the web speed andthe rate at which the transfer strip or the material web is widened,have a certain minimum spacing in time, so that in the event of asuccessful, proper curve, it is always ensured that for increasing timesthe operating pressure falls (in the case of a vacuum device) or rises(in the case of a positive pressure device), which, in the case ofprocessing consequential values derived from the pressure values,applies appropriately to these. If, on the other hand, an evaluation ofpressure values or consequential values lying closer to one another intime is provided, then, on account of relatively small pressurefluctuations which may possibly occur, this could lead to the detectionof a break although such a one has actually not occurred. In order toavoid such erroneous detection, it is possible for a tolerance band, forexample expressed by a threshold value, also to be included in thecomparison. In this regard, it is proposed in practical terms that thebreak condition be fulfilled when, in the case of a vacuum device, apressure value assigned to a later time exceeds a pressure valueassigned to an earlier time by a predefined threshold value or, in thecase of a positive pressure device, a pressure value assigned to a latertime falls below a pressure value assigned to an earlier time by apredefined threshold value. Based on the method according to theinvention, it is accordingly proposed that the break condition bedetermined to be fulfilled when, in the case of a vacuum device, apressure value assigned to a later time exceeds a pressure valueassigned to an earlier time by a predefined threshold value or, in thecase of a positive pressure device, a pressure value assigned to a latertime falls below a pressure value assigned to an earlier time by apredefined threshold value.

According to a particularly expedient development, the evaluation unitis designed for the purpose of comparing detected pressure values orconsequential values dependent on the latter with a predefined referencevalue, in order to check a tail-widening finished condition which isfulfilled when the pressure value reaches a threshold valuecorresponding to the reference value. In relation to the methodaccording to the invention, it is proposed that detected pressure valuesor consequential values dependent on the latter be compared with apredefined reference value, in order to determine the fulfillment ornon-fulfillment of a tail-widening finished condition, which isdetermined to be fulfilled when the pressure value reaches a thresholdvalue corresponding to the reference value.

On the basis of the fulfillment of the tail-widening finished condition,the apparatus for detecting a break in the material web can be changedover to a normal operation monitoring mode, in which monitoring for theoccurrence of a web break can then be carried out in a conventional way.

Thought is specifically given, in the case of a machine with a pluralityof sections (in particular a plurality of drying groups and material webtreatment devices) in each case monitored separately for a break duringthe increase in the width of the transfer strip, to changing to thenormal operation monitoring mode in each case separately for therespective section when the fulfillment of the tail-widening finishedcondition is determined for this section. Conventional break detectionsystems are activated only when the material web has been widenedcompletely over the entire machine.

It has already been mentioned that the machine can expediently bedesigned for the purpose of initiating at least one reactive measureautomatically in response to the detection of a break in the materialweb, in order to avoid damage to the machine as a result of the breakand/or to prepare for a renewed transfer of the material web. Thereactive measure provided can be one or more of the following measures:triggering a web knock-off, setting machine components into a waiting orsafe state, activating the positive pressure or vacuum device for therenewed transfer of the material web, activating the apparatus forforming and transferring the transfer strip for the renewed transfer ofthe material web.

According to the first aspect, the invention also provides an apparatusfor implementing the method according to the invention, for example forproviding a machine according to the invention, for example by equippingor retrofitting a machine as mentioned at the beginning.

According to another (second) aspect, the invention further provides amachine for the production and/or treatment of a material web, inparticular of paper or board, in which the material web can be guidedalong a material web guide path by way of at least one material webguide device from a material web production section or material webinput section, in order to pass at least one material web treatmentdevice, having an apparatus for detecting a break in the material web onthe basis of a detected operating pressure of a vacuum device having asuction box.

According to the invention, provision is made for at least one pressuresensor for detecting the operating pressure to be arranged in thesuction box. It has been shown that a pressure sensor arranged at thispoint can respond particularly reliably to pressure changes resultingfrom a web break. The same applies to web break detection in conjunctionwith the threading or tail widening of the material web according to thefirst aspect of the invention. Furthermore, on the basis of the pressuredetected here, a diagnosis of components of the vacuum device or of anassociated vacuum source (for example a fan arrangement) can be carriedout particularly reliably. Erroneous detections of a break and erroneousdiagnoses relating to such components are avoided in this way. If thesuction box has a transfer suction zone which is assigned to thetransfer strip and an operating suction zone which, together with thetransfer suction zone, is assigned to the full material web width and isconnected or is able can be connected via the transfer suction zone to avacuum source, it is preferred for the pressure sensor to be arranged inthe operating suction zone.

With regard to the machine and the apparatus according to the firstaspect of the invention, reference should further be made to thefollowing. The evaluation unit can be constructed on the basis of anelectronic computer unit, in particular a microprocessor arrangement, onwhich there runs an evaluation program which has softwarefunctionalities providing the comparison of the values and the testingof the various conditions. With regard to the values to be compared, itshould be pointed out that it is not absolutely necessary for originalpressure measured values to be processed but that values or data derivedfrom these, the “consequential values” mentioned above, can be processedin order to test for the break condition or break conditions and thetail-widening finished condition. It is also possible for electricalsignals to be compared with one another as the pressure or consequentialvalues mentioned, for example measuring sensor output signals orconverter output signals, for example output signals from a P-Iconverter without conversion into pressure values, possibly even in ananalog manner not providing any digital to analog conversion.

Within the context of the invention, in addition to the criteria andcharacteristic values mentioned directly here for the instantaneousstate during the tail widening or the occurrence of a break, othercriteria and characteristic values can also be used, in particularincluding the criteria and characteristic values quoted in thepublications mentioned above. Reference is made in particular to thedocuments DE 101 31 281 A1, DE 201 03 070 U1, DE 42 16 653 C2 and EP 0660 898 B1.

According to the invention, monitoring both of the normal operation ofthe machine and at least of the tail widening during the web transfer(web threading) is possible and provided. Developing this, thought isalso given to monitoring the transfer of the transfer strip or itsthreading section with regard to a break automatically as well, forexample on the basis of the known detection techniques mentioned.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The above-mentioned and other features and advantages of this invention,and the manner of attaining them, will become more apparent and theinvention will be better understood by reference to the followingdescription of embodiments of the invention taken in conjunction withthe accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of a portion of a papermakingmachine according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 shows a plan view of a vacuum device having a pressure detectionarrangement according to the invention;

FIG. 3 shows a front side view of the vacuum device from FIG. 2; and

FIG. 4 shows the curve over time of the pressure within the vacuumdevice during the tail widening of a transfer strip of a material web.

Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding partsthroughout the several views. The exemplifications set out hereinillustrate embodiments of the invention, and such exemplifications arenot to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention in anymanner.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Referring now to the drawings, and more particularly to FIG. 1, there isshown in schematic form a side view of a detail of a drying section of apapermaking machine or paper processing machine designated generally by10. In a manner known per se, a drying section within a paper machinefulfills the function of extracting moisture from a material web thathas been produced or processed, that is to say of drying said web. Inthe example shown in FIG. 1, this is carried out by way of contactdrying, a material web 12 to be fed in from the left in the drawingbeing dried by direct contact with a plurality of drying cylinders 14 onone side and an endless dryer felt 16 running around the dryingcylinders 14 on the other side. In FIG. 1, two dryer felts 16 areillustrated over their complete circulation path, each of the dryerfelts 16 in each case running around a group of drying cylinders 14.More precisely, each dryer felt 16 runs up and down in the form of awave in the region of the drying cylinders 14, the dryer felt 16 beingdeflected by a drying cylinder 14 at the peak of the wave and beingdeflected by a suction roll of a respective vacuum device 18 in thetrough of the wave. After leaving the last drying cylinder 14 of thecorresponding group, the dryer felt 16 is guided back to the firstdrying cylinder 14 of the group again over a plurality of guide rolls20.

To provide the break monitoring according to the invention, for eachgroup of drying cylinders 14, at least one vacuum device 18 is equippedwith an apparatus for detecting a material web break, which will bedescribed in more detail later.

To dry the material web 12, this is introduced into the system includingdrying cylinders 14 and vacuum devices 18 such that it is guided on thedrying cylinders 14 pressed between the dryer felt 16 and the surface ofthe drying cylinder 14, while it runs around the vacuum devices on theoutside on the dryer felt 16.

When the machine 10 is started up, following the feeding of a newmaterial web or after a break in the material web, it is necessary tore-introduce a leading transfer strip of the material web into the rollsystem of the drying section and, in the process, to transfer italternately between a drying cylinder 14 and a vacuum device 18. Inorder in this case to deflect the transfer strip deflected on theoutside on a vacuum device 18 counter to the force of gravity and feedit to the following drying cylinder 14, the vacuum devices 18 areconnected to a vacuum source, at least during the transfer operatingstate of the machine, so that the vacuum device 18 forces the transferstrip onto the predefined material web path by means of suction.

The transfer strip is generally cut directly out of the material webautomatically before the threading of the material web, by using asuitable device, for example what is known as a couch jet. A device ofthis type can, for example, include a cutting device that can bedisplaced transversely with respect to the running direction of thematerial web, for example a water jet or laser cutting device, acircular knife or the like or what is known as a strip knock-off device.During the cutting or the formation of the transfer strip, the materialweb moves in the running direction. In the following text, the use of acouch jet in a papermaking machine will be assumed. The couch jet isinitially in a strip position and cuts a narrow frontmost section ofconstant width as a threading section or else a ribbon, which is guidedthrough the machine by way of suitable guide device(s). Following aspecific advance distance of the material web, the couch jet is moveduniformly in the direction of the opposite edge of the material web andthus cuts the transfer strip with preferably uniformly increasing width,until it reaches the full width of the material web and the cutting ofthe transfer strip has been completed. In the process, the material webmoves continuously onward and is threaded into the paper machine.

A vacuum device 18 provided for use in a paper machine according to thepresent exemplary embodiment and serving as a vacuum deflection device,having an apparatus for detecting a material web break, will beexplained in more detail in the following text with reference to FIGS. 2and 3. It includes a suction roll 22, on which the material web 12 isdeflected, and also a suction box 24. The suction box 24 is connectedvia a connecting line 26 to a vacuum source, not shown, in order to beable to generate a vacuum in the suction box 24. The suction box 24adjoins the suction roll 22 and has openings 28 facing the latter. Avacuum built up in the suction box 24 can progress into the interior ofthe suction roll 22 through these openings 28 and through drilled holes30 in the shell of the suction roll 22, so that a vacuum can also bebuilt up in the suction roll 22.

If a vacuum is generated and maintained in the suction box 24 and in thesuction roll 22, this vacuum is propagated through the drilled holes 30of the suction roll 22 that are currently not opposite the suction box24 and through further openings 32 in the suction box 24 to the outsideand through the porous dryer felt 16 running around the vacuum device18, and attracts by suction a material web section to be deflected atthe vacuum device 18, in particular a transfer strip to be transferred,in order to hold the latter on the material web guide path and feed itto the following drying cylinder 14.

A valve 34 and a dividing wall 36 are also indicated in FIG. 2. Thedividing wall 36 divides the interior of the suction box 24 into atransfer suction zone 38 and an operating suction zone 40, it beingpossible for the transfer suction zone 38 and the operating suction zone40 to be connected to each other or isolated from each other by thevalve 34. The width of the transfer suction zone 38, measured in thematerial web transverse direction, corresponds approximately to thewidth of the advancing threading section of the transfer strip of thematerial web. During the transfer of the transfer strip of a materialweb to be newly threaded in, the valve 34 is closed, so that air issucked out only from the transfer suction zone 38 of the suction box 23and from the suction roll 22 via the connecting line 26. In this way,the regions of the suction box 24 which are not covered by material webduring the transfer of the transfer strip are not evacuated, in order tobe able to use the suction power of the vacuum source to build up avacuum in the transfer suction zone 38.

The front threading section of the transfer strip is followed by afurther section, in which the width of the transfer strip increasescontinuously, until the transfer strip ultimately reaches the full widthof the actual material web and, at this point, merges in one piece intothe actual material web or is connected to the latter. The operatingstate of the paper machine in which the continuously widening transferstrip is transported is designated “tail widening” of the material web.During the tail widening of the material web, the valve 34 is opened andan approximately uniform vacuum is built up both in the transfer suctionzone 38 and in the operating suction zone 40 and in the suction roll 22.This vacuum which builds up is counteracted by the air taken in, whichis taken in through those drilled holes 30 and those openings 32 whichare not yet covered by the transfer strip. The pressure established inthe suction box 24 accordingly depends on the number of openings 30 and32 not covered by the transfer strip, given a constant suction power ofthe vacuum source. This number decreases continuously with increasingwidth of the transfer strip, so that the air stream entering the suctionbox 24 from outside and counteracting the evacuation of the suction box24 also decreases. With increasing width of the transfer strip, thepressure within the suction box 24 thus decreases, until it reaches aminimum value after the complete tail widening of the material web. Theoperating pressure p in the suction box 24, decreasing with the width ofthe transfer strip, is illustrated schematically in the graph of FIG. 2.

The apparatus according to the invention for detecting a break in thematerial web uses the curve previously described of the pressure withinthe suction box 24 during the tail widening of the transfer strip of thematerial web in order to monitor correct tail widening and, inparticular, to detect the occurrence of a break in the transfer strip.For this purpose, in the suction box 24, more precisely in the operatingsuction zone 40 of the suction box 24, a pressure sensor 42 whichdetects the pressure in the suction box 24 is arranged. The pressuresensor 42, as shown in FIG. 2, is preferably arranged close the behindthe dividing wall 36 in the suction box 24. The arrangement of thepressure sensor 42 in the suction box 24 is advantageous, since the flowcross section is relatively large in the suction box 24 and, as aresult, pressure fluctuations are relatively small.

The pressure sensor 42 is connected to a P-I converter (pressure-currentconverter, not shown), which outputs a current signal representing themagnitude of the measured pressure to an electronic control unit (notshown). The electronic control unit can also be supplied a positionsignal, which indicates the travel position of the couch jettransversely with respect to the running direction of the material web.From the speed of the material web and the distance from the couch jetas far as the monitoring vacuum device, an instantaneous reference webwidth of the transfer strip at the monitoring vacuum device can then bedetermined in the electronic control unit or in a computing unitconnected upstream, in order to provide said reference web width to thecontrol unit.

The control unit is configured in such a way that, in a manner to bedescribed in more detail later, on the basis of the instantaneouscurrent value transmitted to it by the P-I converter and, possibly, alsothe instantaneous reference web width, it makes a decision as to whetherthere is a break in the material web, in particular its transfer strip,or not. The electronic control unit is also set up and implemented inthe paper machine such that, in the event that a web break isestablished, it can initiate or carry out specific measures in reactionto the web break. In particular, thought is given to the electroniccontrol unit being connected to a knock-off device, which knocks thematerial web off upstream of the break point in the event of a break, inorder to avoid damage to the machine by winding operations and toprepare the web for new threading. As further measures, provision can bemade to move the couch jet for cutting the transfer strip to a stripposition, to transfer various device units of the production orprocessing sections into a waiting position, to move vacuum transportdevices back or to initialize them (close vacuum breaker valves) or toindicate the occurrence of the web break to the operating personnel.Further measures which have to be taken upon the occurrence of a webbreak are obvious to those skilled in the art.

The electronic control unit according to the exemplary embodiment of theinvention is further set up for the purpose of detecting the successfulcompletion of the tail widening and outputting a correspondingtail-widening finished signal. As a reaction to this tail-wideningfinished signal, the paper machine can be changed automatically to anormal operating mode, in which for example a normal operatingmonitoring mode for the detection of a break in the material web isswitched on, in which, for example, the break in the material web can bedetected in a manner known per se. Further measures which have to becarried out when the paper machine is changed from the transfer andtail-widening mode to the normal operating mode are familiar to thoseskilled in the art.

With reference to FIG. 4, in the following text the functioning of theelectronic control unit of the exemplary embodiment for detecting a webbreak and for detecting completely successful tail widening of thematerial web will be explained. The graphical illustration shows thecurve of the pressure p measured by the pressure sensor 42 in the periodbeginning shortly before the start of the tail widening t₁ (shortlybefore the opening of the valve 34) as far as a time shortly after thecomplete tail widening of the material web. During the transfer of thethreading section of the transfer strip, that is to say for times t<t₁,the valve 34 is closed and the pressure p within the operating suctionzone assumes relatively high values in the vicinity of normalatmospheric pressure. As soon as the width of the transfer strip beginsto become greater, the valve 34 is opened, which means that theoperating suction zone 40 is then also connected to the connecting line26 and air is extracted from the operating suction zone 40. The measuredpressure p therefore falls rapidly shortly after the time t₁ of theopening of the valve 34 and, shortly thereafter, at a time t₂, reaches apressure p₂ which corresponds to the presence of a transfer strip ofminimum width. During the further transport of the transfer strip, itswidth increases gradually, so that more and more of the openings 30 and32 are covered by material web and the pressure p consequentiallydecreases continuously. The pressure p reaches its minimum value p₃ atthe time t₃, when the width of the transfer strip becomes a maximum andreaches the width of the actual material web. After the complete tailwidening of the material web, that is to say for times t>t₃, thepressure p remains substantially constant, since the number of holes 30and 32 covered by the material web then no longer changes.

The pressure curve shown in FIG. 4 corresponds to a reference pressurecurve during proper tail widening of the material web. The electroniccontrol unit detects the occurrence of a web break during the tailwidening in that at least one pressure value measured at a specific timedeviates significantly from the pressure curve illustrated in FIG. 4. Inthis case, the accuracy and reliability of the break detection depend onthe knowledge of operating parameters and on fluctuations of theoperating parameters over time. These operating parameters include inparticular the position of the valve 34 (throttle angle) and the powerof the vacuum source connected to the suction box.

In order to detect a web break, in particular the following three designvariants of a method for break detection can expediently be used.

In a first design variant, the reference pressure curve shown in FIG. 4is stored in a memory of the electronic control unit and/or can becalculated by the control device on the basis of the instantaneousreference web width and on the basis of operating parameters of thepaper machine, in particular the suction power of the vacuum source. Inprinciple, the knowledge of a single point on the pressure curve wouldbe sufficient to be able to carry out the detection of a web break atthis time, but advantageously the reference pressure curve will beavailable to the electronic control unit for a large number of times, inorder to be able to provide the most continuous possible web breakmonitoring. The reference pressure values of the reference pressurecurve available to the electronic control unit are now compared with theactual pressure values measured by the pressure sensor 42, and the breakin the material web is detected exactly at the point when the actualpressure at a specific time exceeds the corresponding reference pressuresignificantly, that is to say by a predetermined threshold value(tolerance band). In the event of a web break, this is because theopenings 30 and 32 of the suction roll 22 and the suction box 24 areexposed in a short time, so that air can penetrate through these intothe suction roll 22 and the suction box 24 and effects a sudden pressurerise. In any case, however, there is a lack of increasing coverage offurther openings 30, 32, so that the pressure at least does not fallfurther.

The magnitude of the threshold value can be set as a function of themagnitude of possible pressure fluctuations in the suction box 24, suchthat a random pressure rise, for example on account of short-termfluctuations in the suction power of the vacuum source or on account ofshort-term lifting of the material web at some points, does not lead todetection of a web break.

In the method according to the first design variant, the successfulcomplete tail widening can additionally be detected by the fact that,for times t>t₃, the measured pressure, apart from a threshold value, isequal to a pressure p₃, that is to say a tail-widening finished signalcan be output when the difference between the measured actual pressureand the reference pressure p₃ falls below the threshold value.

The pressure p₃ corresponds to an extremely small pressure when thematerial web tail is widened completely and which is also establishedduring the normal operating mode. The pressure p₃ should advantageouslylie close to a minimum pressure p_(min), which corresponds to the bestpossible evacuation of the suction box 24 and the suction roll 22 by thevacuum source. In most cases, however, the pressure p₃ will be higherthan the minimum achievable pressure p_(min), since the material webwill barely cover the openings 30 and 32 completely in a sealing manner(in particular also when a narrower material web is used) and certainleaks normally occur in the vacuum device.

In a second design variant, the electronic control device does notcompare measured pressure values directly with reference pressure valuesfrom the reference pressure curve but compares two pressure values p₄and p₅ recorded at different time t₄ and t₅ with each other. In the caseof proper tail widening of the transfer strip, in accordance with thecurve shown in FIG. 4, the pressure value p₅ recorded at the later timet₅ must be smaller than the pressure value p₄ recorded at the time t₄.If this is not the case, the control device concludes that there is abreak in the transfer strip. This design variant has the advantage thatit manages without any predefinition or calculation of referencepressure values and detects a web break by using the simple breakcondition that a pressure value recorded at a later time is not smallerthan a pressure value recorded at an earlier time.

Furthermore, a third design variant for detecting a break of thetransfer strip during tail widening is conceivable, in which the breakis detected on the basis of the comparison of two pressure values p₆, p₇recorded at a short time interval (at t₆, t₇). Although in this case,too, the use of a break condition according to the second design variantis in principle possible, it would be possible for erroneous triggeringof a break signal to occur in the case of pressure measurementsfollowing one another closely in time, because of random pressurefluctuations within the suction box 24. As can be seen in FIG. 4, thisis because the reference pressure values p₆ and p₇ are also relativelyclose to each other and their difference can lie in the range of theorder of magnitude of random pressure fluctuations. According to thethird design variant, a web break signal is therefore generated onlywhen the pressure p₇ measured at the time t₇ exceeds the pressure p₆measured at the earlier time t₆ by at least a predetermined thresholdvalue s, therefore when p₇(t₇)>p₆(t₆)+s. By using such a breakcondition, reliable break detection is possible even during theevaluation of pressure measurements following one another closely overtime.

The aforementioned three design variants for detecting a material webbreak in the region of the profile strip can be combined with oneanother as desired, in order to provide the most optimal break detectionpossible. It is viewed as particularly preferred if the electroniccontrol unit is continuously supplied with pressure values from thepressure sensor 42 (or the current values from the P-I converterrepresenting the pressure values) and the electronic control unitmonitors the instantaneously received pressure values continuously for adeviation from the reference pressure curve shown in FIG. 4.Furthermore, a combination of the first and third design variants can beconfigured in such a way that the threshold value s used for the breakcondition according to the third design variant is adapted as a functionof the measured pressure, in order to provide a variable threshold values (p) which takes account of the changing rise in the pressure curve ora variable amplitude of the fluctuation of the pressure as a function ofthe pressure.

A combination of the above-described three design variants can alsoexpediently be used in assessing tail widening which has been completedsuccessfully, in order to generate the tail-widening finished signal.For example, a tail-widening finished condition can be used whichindicates successful tail widening when the break conditions accordingto the design variants 1 and 2 have not been triggered and the pressurep reaches a reference pressure value p₃ (third design variant).

The paper machine described in more detail above is to be understood asa preferred exemplary embodiment of the invention. Within the scope ofthe invention, it is not only possible for a continuous pressure drop(vacuum rise) in the suction box to be used as a monitoring variable forcurrent tail widening of the transfer strip; instead it is also possibleto monitor the continuous widening of the transfer strip with a largenumber of optical sensors or temperature sensors or the like arrangedtransversely with respect to the material web. In principle, the sameelectronic control device as has been described above in detail can thenbe used for various measuring methods, as long as a signal representingthe instantaneous actual width of the transfer strip is supplied to it.In this connection, it should be underlined once more that the pressurevariables (p₁ to p₇, see FIG. 4) used in the description of theembodiment were merely designated pressure variables for improvedillustration. However, in most cases, instead of the direct pressurevalues, the electronic control unit will process equivalent signalvalues (current signal values, voltage signal values, etc.) which arerelated to the pressure p measured by the pressure sensor 42. In thecase in which a directly proportional relationship is provided for therelationship between these signal values and the actual pressure p, allthe statements relating to pressure values (break conditions etc.) madein this description and in the claims can be applied in an equivalentway to the corresponding signal values. In the case in which otherrelationships between the signal values processed in the electroniccontrol unit and the pressure values are used, those skilled in the artwill readily be in a position to formulate break conditions orprocessing rules for the electronic control unit by using theabove-described relationships.

Furthermore, it should be pointed out once again that the methodaccording to the invention can also be applied to other sections of thepaper machine, for example to the press section, the predryer and/orafterdryer section, to a coating machine, a calender, a reeler, etc.

It is noted that the foregoing examples have been provided merely forthe purpose of explanation and are in no way to be construed as limitingof the present invention. While the present invention has been describedwith reference to an exemplary embodiment, it is understood that thewords which have been used herein are words of description andillustration, rather than words of limitation. Changes may be made,within the purview of the appended claims, as presently stated and asamended, without departing from the scope and spirit of the presentinvention in its aspects. Although the present invention has beendescribed herein with reference to particular means, materials andembodiments, the present invention is not intended to be limited to theparticulars disclosed herein; rather, the present invention extends toall functionally equivalent structures, methods and uses, such as arewithin the scope of the appended claims.

1. A machine for at least one of producing and treating a web of fibrousmaterial in which the web is guided along a web guide path by at leastone web guide device from one of a web production section and a webinput section to pass at least one web treatment device, said machinecomprising: a first apparatus configured for forming a transfer strip ofthe web and for transferring the transfer strip through the machine, themachine being configured for transferring the web along the web guidepath in that said first apparatus is configured for forming saidtransfer strip which is a leading transfer strip of the web, for guidingsaid transfer strip through the machine, and for increasing saidtransfer strip to a full width of the web and thereby performing tailwidening; and a second apparatus configured for detecting a break in theweb, said second apparatus being configured for responding to a break inone of said transfer strip and the web during a transfer of the web andduring an increase in a width of said transfer strip.
 2. The machine asclaimed in claim 1, wherein said second apparatus is configured forresponding to a break in one of said transfer strip and the web on abasis of at least one detection variable representing said width of saidtransfer strip, one of directly and indirectly.
 3. The machine asclaimed in claim 2, wherein said at least one detection variablerepresenting said width of said transfer strip is pressure.
 4. Themachine as claimed in claim 2, wherein said second apparatus has atleast one of an optical detection arrangement and a temperaturedetection arrangement in order one of to detect said break in the weband to provide said at least one detection variable.
 5. The machine asclaimed in claim 2, wherein said second apparatus has at least one of apressure detection arrangement and a pressure change detectionarrangement in order at least one of to detect said break in the web andto provide a plurality of pressure values as said at least one detectionvariable.
 6. The machine as claimed in claim 5, wherein said secondapparatus includes at least one of a vacuum device and a positivepressure device acting on one of the web and said transfer strip,wherein said at least one of said pressure detection arrangement andsaid pressure change detection arrangement is configured for detectingat least one instantaneous operating pressure of said at least one ofsaid vacuum device and said positive pressure device acting on one ofthe web and said transfer strip.
 7. The machine as claimed in claim 6,wherein said at least one of said vacuum device and said positivepressure device is configured for at least participating in guiding oneof the web and said transfer strip as part of the web guide device. 8.The machine as claimed in claim 6, wherein said vacuum device includesat least one of a suction roll, a suction box, and a vacuum transportbelt.
 9. The machine as claimed in claim 8, wherein said at least one ofsaid pressure detection arrangement and said pressure change detectionarrangement includes at least one pressure sensor which is arranged inone of said suction box and said blower box.
 10. The machine as claimedin claim 9, wherein said suction box includes a transfer suction zoneand an operating suction zone, said transfer suction zone being assignedto said transfer strip, said operating suction zone being, together withsaid transfer suction zone, assigned to said full width of the web, saidoperating suction zone being one of connected and configured for beingconnected via said transfer suction zone to a vacuum source, saidpressure sensor being arranged in said operating suction zone.
 11. Themachine as claimed in claim 6, wherein said positive pressure deviceincludes at least one of a blower roll, a blower box, and an air turn.12. The machine according to claim 6, further including an evaluationunit configured for (a) comparing one of a plurality of detected saidpressure values and a plurality of consequential values dependent onsaid plurality of detected pressure values at least one of with oneanother and with at least one predefined reference value, and (b)outputting a break signal when at least one break condition isfulfilled.
 13. The machine as claimed in claim 12, wherein saidevaluation unit is configured for comparing a magnitude of one of saidplurality of detected pressure values and said plurality ofconsequential values corresponding to said plurality of detectedpressure values recorded successively in order to check said breakcondition, said break condition being fulfilled when one of saidplurality of detected pressure values and said plurality ofconsequential values deviates from a predefined reference curve.
 14. Themachine as claimed in claim 13, wherein said break condition isfulfilled when one of (a) in a case of said vacuum device, a pressurevalue that is assigned to a later time is one of greater than and equalto a pressure value that is assigned to an earlier time, and (b) in acase of said positive pressure value device, a pressure value that isassigned to a later time is one of less than and equal to a pressurevalue that is assigned to an earlier time.
 15. The machine as claimed inclaim 13, wherein said break condition is fulfilled when one of (a) in acase of said vacuum device, a pressure value assigned to a later timeexceeds a pressure value assigned to an earlier time by a predefinedthreshold value, and (b) in a case of said positive pressure device, apressure value assigned to a later time falls below a pressure valueassigned to an earlier time by a predefined threshold value.
 16. Themachine as claimed in claim 13, wherein said evaluation unit isconfigured for comparing one of said plurality of detected pressurevalues and said plurality of consequential values dependent on saidplurality of detected pressure values with one said predefined referencevalue in order to test a tail-widening finished condition which isfulfilled when said pressure value reaches a threshold valuecorresponding to said predefined reference value.
 17. The machine asclaimed in claim 16, wherein said second apparatus is configured forbeing changed over to a normal operation monitoring mode when saidtail-widening finished condition is fulfilled.
 18. The machine asclaimed in claim 1, wherein the machine is configured for initiating atleast one reactive measure automatically in response to detecting saidbreak in one of said transfer strip and the web in order at least one ofto avoid damage to the machine as a result of said break and to preparefor a renewed transfer of the web.
 19. The machine as claimed in claim18, wherein said at least one reactive measure is at least one oftriggering a web knock-off, setting components of the machine into oneof a waiting and a safe state, activating one of said positive pressuredevice and said vacuum device for said renewed transfer of the web, andactivating said first apparatus for said renewed transfer of the web.20. A machine for at least one of producing and treating a web offibrous material in which the web is guided along a web guide path by atleast one web guide device from one of a web production section and aweb input section to pass at least one web treatment device, saidmachine comprising: an apparatus including a vacuum device and at leastone pressure sensor, said vacuum device including a suction box, said atleast one pressure sensor arranged in said suction box and beingconfigured for detecting an operating pressure of said vacuum device,said apparatus being configured for detecting a break in the web on abasis of a detected said operating pressure of said vacuum device. 21.The machine as claimed in claim 20, wherein the machine is configuredfor forming a transfer strip of the web, said suction box including atransfer suction zone and an operating suction zone, said transfersuction zone being assigned to said transfer strip, said operatingsuction zone being, together with said transfer suction zone, assignedto a full width of the web, said operating suction zone being one ofconnected and configured for being connected via said transfer suctionzone to a vacuum source, said pressure sensor being arranged in saidoperating suction zone.
 22. An apparatus, comprising: structureconfigured for monitoring a transfer of a web of fibrous material alonga web guide path of a machine for at least one of producing and treatingsaid web such that said transfer of said web is carried out in that aleading transfer strip of said web is guided through said machine and awidth of said transfer strip is increased to a full width of said websuch that tail widening is thereby performed, said structure beingconfigured for monitoring, during said transfer of said web, for a breakin one of said transfer strip and said web.
 23. The apparatus as claimedin claim 22, wherein said structure is configured for monitoring, duringsaid transfer of said web, for said break in said transfer strip on abasis of at least one detection variable representing said width of saidtransfer strip.